SpectraNet Contact

Insights

Engineering notes.

Occasional writing on wireless capacity, spectrum, and network design — grounded in the published literature.

September 12, 2014 · Wireless · Jeff C. Adams

Wireless Data Demand Predictions

"The wireless capacity has doubled every 30 months over the last 104 years1. This translates into an approximately million-fold capacity increase since 1957. Analyzing these gains shows a 25× improvement from wider spectrum, a 5× improvement by dividing the spectrum into smaller slices, a 5× improvement by designing better modulation schemes, and a whopping 1600× gain through reduced cell sizes and transmit distance. The enormous gains reaped as a result of smaller cell sizes arise from efficient spatial reuse of spectrum, or alternatively, a higher area spectral efficiency measured in bits per second per hertz per unit area"2.

Take-away

The vast majority of historical gains in data capacity have come from reducing or confining coverage size and transmit distance. This is driven by physics — there is a limit to how many bits/Hz can be squeezed out of a single wireless stream (Shannon's Law). The best way to increase capacity is to increase the density of access points. Combined with the fact that 70% of all cell-phone sessions begin and end in a building3, and that the greatest capacity gains have been demonstrated for indoor cellular deployments overlaid within conventional macro cells, this supports the strategic use of in-building DAS and heterogeneous networks to meet exponentially increasing data demands.

Chart of wireless capacity gains from 1957 to 1999 broken down by source
From 1957 to 1999 wireless capacity increased a million-fold. The dominant contribution has been the reduction in wireless distance (1600×).

References

  1. [1] M. S. Alouini and A. J. Goldsmith, "Area Spectral Efficiency of Cellular Mobile Radio Systems," IEEE Trans. Vehic. Tech., vol. 48, no. 4, July 1999, pp. 1047–66.
  2. [2] X. Tao, X. Xu, and Qimei Cui, "An Overview of Cooperative Communications," IEEE Communications, June 2012, pp. 65–71.
  3. [3] T. Wirth, L. Thiele, T. Haustein, O. Braz, and J. Stefanik, "LTE Amplify and Forward Relaying for Indoor Coverage Extension," IEEE 72nd Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC 2010-Fall), Sept. 2010.

Planning for capacity?

The physics hasn't changed — density wins. We can tell you what that means for your network.

Email info@spectranet.net
Office
2632 29th Ave. W.
Seattle, WA 98199
Phone
206.790.0295